The Concept and Methods of Attaining Happiness (al-Saʿādah) According to al-Ghazālī Faham dan Tatacara Mencapai Kebahagiaan (al-Saʿādah) Menurut al-Ghazālī
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Abstract
Happiness (al-saʿādah) is increasingly shifting from its traditional ethical-religious roots toward secular paradigms in psychology, economics, and public policy. Secularisation has narrowed its meaning to a mere psychological state, sidelining its role as an ethical goal. This article identifies the concept and methods of attaining happiness according to al-Ghazālī (d. 1111 CE) through content analysis of his selected works. Findings propose five aspects of happiness: existential dimensions, levels, types, causes, and signs. Additionally, five methods for its attainment are identified: alchemy of happiness (kīmiyāʾ al-saʿādah), knowledge and action (al-ʿilm wa al-ʿamal), virtues (al-faḍāʾil), intellect and wisdom (al-ʿaql wa al-kiyāsah), and leadership. Al- Ghazālī’s integrated framework effectively addresses contemporary conceptual confusions.
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