THE MISCONCEPTIONS OF RELIGIOUS PLURALISM AND RELIGIOUS PLURALITY HELD BY MUSLIMS IN MALAYSIA
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper reviews the concepts of religious pluralism and religious plurality in works written by both Western and Muslim scholars. Religious pluralism in the West, its causes of origin, differences in opinion amongst Western scholars, and its influence on the Muslim world are presented. The paper finds that in Muslim countries such as Malaysia, there are people who propagate religious pluralism and there are people who oppose it completely. Between those who propagate and those who oppose, there arealso those who partially understand or completely do not understand at all the philosophy of religious pluralism. There are some scholars, however, who agree with religious plurality (diversity), but they are often mistaken by others who are not familiar with the subtle differences between “pluralism” and “plurality.”
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Abdullah, Arif Kemil. The Qur’an and Normative Religious Pluralism: A Thematic Study of the Qur’an. London: International Institute of Islamic Thought, 2014.
Anis Malik Thoha. “Discourse of Religious Pluralism in Indonesia.” Journal of Islam in Asia 2, no. 2 (December 2005): 111–30.
Anwar Ibrahim. “Religion and Pluralism in a Divided World.” Lecture at the London School of Economics, 18 March 2010. http://islam1st.org/2012/08/religion-and-pluralism-in-divided-world.html. Accessed 17 June 2022.
Arif Maulana. “Nurcholish Madjid and Beyond: An Analysis of the ContemporaryDiscourse on Religious Pluralismin Indonesia.” Published Thesis. Kuala Lumpur: International Islamic UniversityMalaysia, 2016.https://lib.iium.edu.my/mom/services/mom/document/getFile/q5klMWZXYKzTEUVWflP0VeFdyc6tUw8d20170414153240360.
Aslan, Adnan. “Religious Pluralism in Islam.” Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 1, no. 2 (2011): 35–47.
Australian Catholic Bishops Conference. (2015). Nostra Aetate. Canberra Act 2601 Australia. Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions Nostra Aetate. http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651028_nostra-aetate_en.html#
Banchoff, Thomas F., ed. Democracy and the New Religious Pluralism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Berger, Peter L. “Pluralism, Protestantization, and the Voluntary Principle.” In Democracy and the New Religious Pluralism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Chandra Muzaffar. “Understanding Liberalism and Religious Pluralism.” The Star Online, 5 November 2014. https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2014/11/05/understanding-liberalism-and-religious-pluralism/.
Collste, Göran. “Possibilities of Religious Pluralism.” Linköping University Electronic Press No. 3 (2005).
Craig, Edward. “Pluralism.” In Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 1st ed. London: Routledge, 2016. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-N042-1.
Dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/pluralism?s=t. (Accessed: 4 November 2020).
Eck, Diana L. “From Diversity to Pluralism.” In On Common Ground: World Religions in America. Columbia University Press, 2006.
Haslina Ibrahim. “The Quest for Objectivity: Religious Pluralism and Religious Plurality in Malaysia.” Roundtable Seminar on Religious Pluralism by the Kuliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences.(2015): 1–7.
__________. Exploring Religious Pluralism Christian and Muslims Responses. Kuala Lumpur: ISSI, 2016.
Haslina Ibrahim, Rohaiza Abd. Rokis, & Wan Nurhasniah Wan Husin. “Muhibah is Not Religious Pluralism: The Understanding of Religious Coexistence among Religious Leaders in Malaysia.” TAFHIM: IKIM Journal of Islam and the Contemporary World 9 (2016): 67–85.
Hick, John. An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.
Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. “Islam’s Religious Pluralism in Context.” Pluto Journals, Islam and Civilisational Renewal, no. ICR 2.4 (n.d.).
Khadijah Mohd Khambali@Hambali, Wan Ariffin Wan Yon, & Suraya Sintang. “Toleransi dan Pluralism Menurut Pengalaman Masyarakat Bidayuh.” Jurnal Usuluddin 40 (2014): 99–133.
Khalif Muammar. Islam dan Pluralisme Agama Memperkukuhkan Tawhid di Zaman Kekeliruan. Kuala Lumpur: UTM, 2013.
Lexico.com. Oxford University Press. https://www.lexico.com/definition/pluralistic. Accessed 4 November 2020.
Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. The Need for a Sacred Science. Richmond: Curzon Press Ltd., 1993.
Mahmoud Ayoub. “ASEAN Religious Pluralism: The Challenges of Building a Socio-Cultural Community.” (Bangkok, Thailand: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2014), 17–21.
Mohamad Azmarul Danish Bin Azman. “Epistemology Discussion on Pluralism: A Comparative Study between West and Islam”. 3rd International Seminar on Islamic Thought, n.d., 40–44.
Mohamed Fauzi Yaacob. “The Challenge of Religious Pluralism in Malaysia.” The Journal of Oriental Studies (2011): 166–177.
Mohamed Fathi Osman. ‘The Children of Adam And Islamic Perspective on Pluralism’. Center for Muslim Christian Understanding History and International Affairs (blog), 2007. http://cmje.usc.edu/articles/children-of-adam.php.
Mohd. Aizam bin Mas’od. Diskusi Isu Aqidah Dan Pemikiran Semasa Di Malaysia. Cetakan pertama. Putrajaya: Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia, 2013.
Muhammad ‘Uthman El-Muhammady. Falsafah Agama John Hick Pengamatan Dari Perspektif Ajaran Ahli Sunnah wal-Jamaah. Kuala Lumpur: MUAFAKAT, 2012.
Hosseini, Seyed Hassan. Religious Pluralism and Pluralistic Religion: John Hicks’ Epistemological Foundation of Religious Pluralism and an Explanation of Islamic Epistemology toward Diversity of Unique Religion. Pluralist 5, no. 1 (2010): 94-109.
Hussin Mutalib, Religious Pluralism in Democratic Societies Challenges and Prospects for Southeast Asia, Europe, And the United States in the New Millennium. Kuala Lumpur: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung & Malaysian Association for American Studies, 2010.
Osman Bakar. “Islam and the Challenge of Diversity and Pluralism: Must Islam Reform Itself?” IAIS Malaysia. Islam and Civilisational Renewal: Islam and Pluralism 1, no. 1 (October 2009): 55–73.
Ramadan, Tariq. Western Muslims and the Future of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.Rouméas, Élise. What Is Religious Pluralism.? European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, ReligioWest., 2015.
Rusli Abdul Roni, & Mahlindayu Tarmidi. Exploring the Perception of Religious Pluralism Issues among Private University’s Students. Proceedings of the Fourth Asia-Pacific Conference on Global Business, Economics, Finance and Social Sciences (AP15Malaysia Conference) ( 2015): 1–8.
Sachedina, Abdulaziz. “The Qur’an on Religious Pluralism.” The Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding: History and International Affairs Georgetown University, 2005.Schuon, Frithjof. The Transcendent Unity of Religions. Illinois: Quest Books Theosophical Publishing House, 1984.
Smith, Wilfred Cantwell. The Meaning and End of Religion. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1991.
Sukron Ma’mun. “Pluralisme Agama Dan Toleransi Dalam Islam Perspektif Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi.” Humaniora 4, No. 2 (October 2013): 1220–28.
Wan Adli Wan Ramli. Bahaya Liberalisme dan Pluralisme Agama terhadap Akidah Belia Muslim. Johor Bahru: Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Johor, 2012.
Warta Kerajaan Selangor bertarikh 31.07.2014, “Pemikiran Liberalisme dan Pluralisme Agama.”
Zainal Abidin Bagir, and Suhadi Cholil. “The State of Religious Pluralism in Indonesia.” Pluralism Mapping Study, 2008.